Cracks in Installed Reinforced Concrete Pipe
This paper explains the 0.01 inch crack used to establish the comparative strength of RCP in a three-edge bearing test and is not intended as an indication of overstressed or failed pipe under installed conditions.
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Steel Reinforcing areas that are found in tables provide in ASTM C 76 have
been developed over the years through both design and testing. This paper is
a quick overview in how the steel areas for a large diameter reinforced concrete
pipe were developed through tests run in Ohio.
Culvert
Velocity Reduction By Internal Energy
Dissipators
The designer is often concerned with possible scour or erosion at the outlet
of a drainage culvert constructed on a steep slope. High velocities associated
with steep slopes are the critical parameter in the erosion process. Reducing
the velocity of such flows are accomplished by the formation of hydraulic jumps.
This article describes dissipators intended to form hydraulic jumps within
culverts.
Culvert
Velocity Reduction With An Outlet Expansion
This paper describes the concept of using an abrupt expansion at the outlet
end of a concrete culvert for the purposes of outlet velocity reduction. The
method is intended for culverts operating under conditions of outlet control
at maximum discharge.
Precast
Concrete Box Sections
Cast-in-place reinforced concrete box culverts have been designed and used
for many years because of special waterway requirements, unusual load conditions,
or designer preference. The American Concrete Pipe Association's precast concrete
box section program was implemented to develop a product for these applications
and to provide an opportunity for specifiers to utilize the inherent advantages
of a precast product.
Effects
Of Cracks In Reinforced Concrete Sanitary
Sewer Pipe
This report summarizes the effects of cracking in a reinforced concrete pipe
sanitary sewer installed for the Brazos River Authority in Texas. It presents
conclusions and recommendations on the effects of cracking as related to crack
depth, concrete strain, pipe deflection, and acid environment.
Effects
Of Cracks In Reinforced Concrete Culvert
Pipe
This report summarizes the effects of cracking and slabbing in the Diamond
Bar reinforced concrete pipe culvert installed in Los Angeles County in California. It presents conclusions and recommendations on the degree of cracking that
can be tolerated in relation to the integrity and life expectancy of reinforced
concrete pipe.
Life
Factor Design Of RCP Sewers
Several factors have significantly altered the reinforced concrete pipe sanitary
sewer market. These factors brought us from the dark ages, into the present
situation where modern technology can be applied in the project design stage
to the design of concrete pipe in a particular sulfide environment.
Significance
Of Cracks In Concrete Pipe
Precast reinforced concrete pipe is manufactured to specified strengths in
accordance with American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) standards.
Some project specifications include crack criteria as a performance limit for
buried concrete pipe. This CP Info discusses cracks in precast reinforced concrete
pipe, the significance of cracks with respect to durability and structural
integrity, and the phenomena of autogeneous healing.
Precast
Concrete Pipe Durability
Design methods for buried pipe are fairly well established, but durability,
historically, has not been given proper consideration. The definition of a
durable pipe contains three variables that must be evaluated; required performance,
pipe properties, and service conditions. This CP Info reviews the significance
of the various physical and chemical factors, which determine the durability,
design, and performance of concrete pipe.
Lateral
Pressure and Bedding Factors
This paper discusses the limitations of early research by Marston and Spangler
with respect to bedding factors. This is one element of SIDD (Standard Installations
Direct Design), the innovative concrete pipe design method recommended by the
American Concrete Pipe Association. This document presents a method for determining
bedding factors for the three historical beddings, taking into consideration
lateral forces and modern installation methods.